Filime ya stretch ni ikintu gikoreshwa cane mu gupfunyika ibintu. Uburyo bwaco bwo gukora buragira ico bukoze ku bijanye n’ingene igicuruzwa gikora neza be n’ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’isoko. Kubera ko ibisabwa vyo kurinda ibidukikije be n’uguhindura ibintu bikenewe, ubuhinga bwo gukora amasanamu na bwo nyene buraguma bukora ibintu bishasha. Iki kiganiro kizosuzuma neza uburyo nyamukuru bwo gukora amasanamu y’ibintu biva ku guhitamwo ibikoresho bitagira agaciro, uburyo bwo guhindura polymere gushika ku buhinga bwo guhingura amasanamu.
Guhitamwo ibintu bikomeye: umushinge ni wo ugena ibikorwa
Igikoresho nyamukuru c’ivyuma vy’ugutambuka ni polyethylene (PE). Bivanye n'intumbero, hasi- uburemere bw'uburemere (LDPE), umurongo uri hasi- uburemere bw'uburemere (LLDPE) canke - uburemere bw'uburemere (HDPE) burashobora gutorwa. LDPE itanga uburyo bwiza bwo guhinduranya n’uguserukira abantu mu mucyo, mu gihe LLDPE ishobora gutuma umuntu agira inkomezi nyinshi n’ugushobora guhangana n’ugutobora. Mu myaka iheze, ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma (mPE) vyacitse buhoro buhoro ibintu vy’agaciro ku bijanye n’ivyo bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none kubera ubuhinga bwavyo bwo gukora ibintu bimwe bimwe be n’ubushobozi bwiza cane bwo gukora. Ikindi, kugira ngo bishobore gushitsa ivyo bikenewe, ibintu bimwe bimwe bizokwongerako ibintu vyongereweko nk’ibikoresho vyo gutera imiti, ibibuza UV canke imiti igabanya ububabare.
Uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu: kuva ku monomere gushika ku polymere
Ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri bita polyetylene bishikwako cane cane biciye ku nzira y’uguhindura polymerisation ya ethylene. Inzira zisanzwe zirimwo - Gutera umuyagankuba n'agaciro gatoyi - High- Gutera polymérisation (nk'uburyo bw'umurongo canke uburyo bwa kettle) ni vyiza ku guhingura LDPE. Ivyo bishobora gutuma umuntu agira ubushobozi bwo gukora neza kandi afise ubushobozi bwo gukora neza mu gihe c’ubushuhe bwinshi be n’umuvuduko munini. Gushiramwo polymere y’uburemere buke (nk’uburyo bw’inzira y’inzira canke uburyo bwo gutorera umuti) ikoreshwa mu guhingura LLDPE na HDPE. Ziegler-Natta igikoresho co gukoresha canke igikoresho c’ivyuma gikoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe. Ivyo gusubiza ni vyiza kandi uburemere bw’ibihimba vy’umubiri burashobora gugenzurwa. Ivyiyumviro vyo muri iki gihe bikunda gukoresha gaze {{12}=Igishushanyo c’ubuhinga bwa none kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gukora neza no kugabanya inguvu zikoreshwa.
Film guhingura ubuhinga: urukino ruri hagati yo gutera ivyatsi n'amasanamu
Guhingura amasanamu y’uguzingira ahanini bivana n’ibintu bibiri: gufuha no gukora amasanamu. Uburyo bwo gufuha butera iyo resine ishonze ngo ibe filime y’imitsi y’umubiri biciye mu mutwe w’igipfunguruzo, hanyuma igakonja, ikayikwegera kandi ikayipfuka. Ubu buryo burake - Igikoresho kandi kibereye ku bijanye n’uguhingura - ariko ikigereranyo c’uburemere bwa filime ni gito. Uburyo bwa film y’abakinyi bukoresha umutwe w’urupfu kugira ngo umuntu asohoke ata guca ku ruhande iyo filime, iyo filime ikaba yihuta guhindurwa n’uruzitiro rwo gukonjesha. Ico kintu girangiye gifise uburebure bumwe kandi buboneka cane, ariko ishoramari ry’ibikoresho ni rinini. Mu myaka iheze, mu bwinshi- ubuhinga bwa none bwacitse ubuhinga bwa mbere. Mu gusumba ibice vy’ibara ry’umubiri bifise imiterere itandukanye, inkomezi nyinshi, uguseruka kwinshi n’uburemere bwiza birashobora gushikwako igihe kimwe.
Ivyerekeye uburinzi bw'ibidukikije: bishobora kwonona no gusubirwamwo
Kubera ugukomeza amategeko agenga ibidukikije kw’isi yose, ubuhinga bwo gukora amasanamu buragenda buratera imbere mu gusenyura no gusubira gukoresha ibintu vyoroshe. Ikoreshwa ry’ibinyabuzima - ishingiye ku polyetylene (nk’iyitwa PE ikozwe muri éthanol y’isukari) n’ibindi bishobora gusenyuka biriko birasubirira buhoro buhoro ibikoresho vya kera vy’amavuta ya peteroli. Muri ico gihe nyene, kugabanya ivyuka vy’ibinyabuzima (VOCs) mu gutuma uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bigenda neza na vyo nyene vyacitse ikintu gihambaye mu bijanye n’ubuhinga.
Ikoranabuhanga ry’ubuhinga bwa none ry’ubuhinga bwa none rishiramwo iterambere ry’ubuhinga bwinshi bw’ubuhinga bwa shimi, ubuhinga bw’ibikoresho n’ubuhinga bw’ibidukikije. Mu gihe kizoza, n’ugutera imbere kw’ibikoresho bishasha vy’ubuhinga n’ivy’ivyatsi bitotahaye, ibikorwa n’ubuzima buramba vy’ugushikama bizorushirizaho gutera imbere, ivyo bikaba bizotuma habaho inyishu nziza ku bijanye n’ubuhinga bwo gupfunyika kw’isi yose.